It's important to note that early SAS2 controllers may have (as usual, LSI docs aren't super clear on this) a relatively low maximum of 128 SAS devices -
It's important to note that the OP specifically asked about SAS 12G.
If you want to be pedantic, it's also important to note that early SAS2 controllers, late model SAS2 controllers, early model SAS3 controllers, late model SAS3 controllers, etc., all contain the ability to limit the number of SAS3 devices. This is controlled by how the card has been provisioned at the factory. Or reprovisioned after the fact.
Classic examples would include
Supermicro AOC-S3108L-H8IR-16DD --- limited to 16 SAS devices. Typically sells for about $500.
Supermicro AOC-S3108L-H8iR ------------ supports 240 SAS devices. Typically sells for about $650.
These cards are EXACTLY the same card except for a few bytes difference in the configuration. The intention is to allow OEM's to sell the cards to target specific market segments. A -16DD card is obviously not good in a storage-targeted server or a server that will have an external JBOD. Supermicro gets to squeeze a little extra money out.
The LSI docs that you get to see aren't super clear on this, probably because LSI didn't want to undercut their OEM's by making it clear that this is a configurable variable. I seem to recall it's stored in the SBR but it's been a bunch of years since I've cared to figure it out.